Information and Policies
Introduction
This major provides students with the basic tools of economic analysis and an understanding of the mechanics of resource production, conservation, and use, in both ecological and economic terms.
This combined major in environmental studies (ENVS) and economics (ECON) does not offer any concentrations.
Program Learning Outcomes
Students graduating with a B.A. degree in environmental studies/economics combined will be able to:
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Identify the societal (social, political, economic and ethical) agents and structures that contribute to environmental change. (social science competency)
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Describe the structure and functioning of major physical and ecological components of the earth’s systems. (natural science competency)
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Access and analyze a complex literature addressing specific topics in environmental studies, and evaluate the usefulness and limitations of individual sources of information. (analytic thinking)
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Demonstrate effective oral and written communication skills. (communication skills).
Academic Advising for the Program
Advising is one way to make the most of your university experience. Ask questions, seek advice, and make decisions that work best for you.
To receive advising for this major, contact envsadvi@ucsc.edu. Additional information for prospective transfer students can be found in the Transfer Information and Policy section.
Getting Started in the Major: Frosh
This is a course-intensive and/or sequential program, and students who intend to pursue this major must begin taking classes for the major in their first year at UC Santa Cruz. Math placement is required for one or more of the foundational courses for this major. For more information, please review the Math Placement website. Language placement is not required for the major.
Transfer Information and Policy
Transfer Admission Screening Policy
Students who apply for transfer admission to the major are required to have taken the equivalents of the following courses with a C grade (2.0) or better by the end of the spring term for students planning to enter in the fall:
One of the following:
ENVS 23 or a general chemistry course
Plus the following course:
| ECON 1 | Introductory Microeconomics: Resource Allocation and Market Structure | 5 |
Plus one of the following:
ENVS 25
or
A course in national or international politics
Plus one of the following courses:
| AM 11A | Mathematical Methods for Economists I | 5 |
| MATH 11A | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 19A | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
Recommended Courses
In addition, the following courses are recommended prior to transfer to ensure timely graduation.
The following courses:
| ECON 2 | Introductory Macroeconomics: Aggregate Economic Activity | 5 |
| AM 11B | Mathematical Methods for Economists II | 5 |
| STAT 17 | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics | 5 |
| STAT 17L | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics Laboratory | 2 |
Plus one of the following courses:
Plus one of the following courses:
| ANTH 2 | Introduction to Cultural Anthropology | 5 |
| BME 80G
/PHIL 80G
| Bioethics in the 21st Century: Science, Business, and Society | 5 |
| PHIL 22 | Introduction to Ethical Theory | 5 |
| PHIL 24 | Introduction to Ethics: Contemporary Moral Issues | 5 |
| PHIL 28 | Environmental Ethics | 5 |
| SOCY 1 | Introduction to Sociology | 5 |
| SOCY 10 | Issues and Problems in American Society | 5 |
| SOCY 15 | World Society | 5 |
GPA Requirement
To be considered for admission in the ENVS/ECON major, transfer students must pass the preceding courses or their equivalents of the following courses with a C (2.0) or better in the required courses.
General Education (GEs)
Prospective students are encouraged to prioritize required and recommended major preparation, and may additionally complete courses that articulate to UC Santa Cruz general education requirements as time allows.
Getting Started in the Major: Transfer Students
Transfer students pursuing any of the environmental studies majors are encouraged to transfer in the fall quarter.
Transfer students should complete as many lower-division courses as possible before transferring. All remaining lower-division requirements should be completed in summer, fall, and winter of the first year in order to start upper divisions in winter or spring of the first year. Transfer students can formally declare their major once qualification courses are successfully completed, following the declaration steps on the ENVS department website.
ENVS 25 and ENVS 23 are usually offered during Summer Session at UC Santa Cruz, and transfer students are encouraged to take them if they have not completed a substitute requirement or want a better understanding of the relevant material. If you are transferring, compare catalog descriptions, consult your current institution's advisor, and refer to the ASSIST website to determine equivalency. Prospective transfer students should review the transfer information.
Students who are proposed in a different major and have advanced standing when they come to UC Santa Cruz require permission from the department to change into the major. Contact envsadvi@ucsc.edu to request permission.
Major Qualification Policy and Declaration Process
Major Qualification
To qualify for the environmental studies/economics combined major, students must complete the specific courses listed below, or their approved equivalents.
For transfer requirements, see Transfer Admission Screening Requirements. Transfer students must have the ENVS/ECON major listed on their application in order to pursue the major, unless approved by exception. If a student has questions about this, they should contact envsadvi@ucsc.edu.
One of the following courses:
| | Either this course | |
| ENVS 23 | The Physical and Chemical Environment | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 3A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 3B | General Chemistry | 3 |
| CHEM 3BL | General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 4A | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| CHEM 4AL | Advanced General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| CHEM 4B | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| CHEM 4BL | Advanced General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
Plus one of the following courses:
Plus all of the following courses:
| ENVS 25 | Environmental Politics, Economics and Justice | 5 |
| ECON 1 | Introductory Microeconomics: Resource Allocation and Market Structure | 5 |
| AM 11A | Mathematical Methods for Economists I | 5 |
| STAT 17 | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics | 5 |
| STAT 17L | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics Laboratory | 2 |
Determining Qualification
-
Students who complete all the qualification courses with a grade of P, or letter grade of C or better are qualified to declare the major.
-
Students who have received one grade of C-, D+, D, D-, or F in one of the qualification courses taken at UC Santa Cruz will only be qualified to declare the major after successfully completing the same or an equivalent course with a letter grade of C or better.
-
Students with two or more grades of C-, D+, D, D-, or F in the qualification courses taken at UC Santa Cruz are not qualified to declare the major.
-
Students with AP credit (score of 3 or higher) for any of the qualification course(s) are qualified to declare after successfully completing the remaining qualification courses.
Appeal Process
Students who are not qualified to declare the major may appeal this decision by submitting an appeal to qualify for the major within 15 days of the denial of the declaration. Within 15 days of receipt of the appeal, the department will notify the student and college of the decision. If a student has questions about the appeals process, they should contact envsadvi@ucsc.edu.
How to Declare a Major
Petition to declare your major as soon as you have met qualification requirements and/or reach your declaration deadline quarter, whichever comes first.
Students wishing to declare ENVS/ECON should visit the Environmental Studies Department website and follow declaration steps.
Letter Grade Policy
This program does not have a letter grade policy, except that the comprehensive (senior exit) requirement must be taken for a letter grade.
Course Substitution Policy
Students pursuing the environmental studies/economics combined major cannot substitute courses to count toward their upper-division electives.
Study Abroad
Students in environmental studies are encouraged to participate in Study Abroad programs and other off-campus programs. Students who are interested in these programs shall note the following policies:
- Students planning to study abroad must be declared in their major prior to
studying abroad.
- Environmental studies combined majors cannot petition their courses
taken abroad for ENVS upper division course substitution.
- For more information on EAP, please visit the UC Education Abroad Program
website.
Honors
Departmental Honors. Students must have a 3.5 grade point average (GPA) in all courses used to satisfy the environmental studies upper-division requirements AND must be approved by the Department of Economics for department honors. To be considered for departmental honors, students are limited to no more than one grade of P in those upper-division courses.
Senior Comprehensive Honors. Honors must be nominated by the student’s faculty sponsor, and a second faculty member must confer.
Highest Departmental Honors. Students must have a 3.75 grade point average (GPA) in in all courses used to satisfy the environmental studies upper-division requirements, and must be approved by the Department of Economics for department honors, and must also receive senior comprehensive honors (see above). To be considered for highest departmental honors, students are limited to no more than one grade of P in those upper-division courses.
Students must fulfill all requirements for honors from both the Environmental Studies and Economics departments to receive honors.
Requirements and Planners
Course Requirements
Lower-Division Courses
All of the following courses:
| ECON 1 | Introductory Microeconomics: Resource Allocation and Market Structure | 5 |
| ECON 2 | Introductory Macroeconomics: Aggregate Economic Activity | 5 |
| ENVS 25 | Environmental Politics, Economics and Justice | 5 |
| STAT 17 | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics | 5 |
| STAT 17L | Statistical Methods for Business and Economics Laboratory | 2 |
Plus one of the following courses:
| | Either this course | |
| ENVS 23 | The Physical and Chemical Environment | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 3A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 3B | General Chemistry | 3 |
| CHEM 3BL | General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 4A | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| CHEM 4AL | Advanced General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| CHEM 4B | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| CHEM 4BL | Advanced General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
Plus one of the following courses:
Plus one of the following calculus series:
We encourage all ENVS/ECON students to do the AM 11A & AM 11B series. However, the other options will suffice.
| | Either these courses | |
| AM 11A | Mathematical Methods for Economists I | 5 |
| AM 11B | Mathematical Methods for Economists II | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| MATH 11A | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| AM 11B | Mathematical Methods for Economists II | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| MATH 19A | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
| MATH 19B | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
| MATH 23A | Vector Calculus | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| MATH 11A | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 11B | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 22 | Introduction to Calculus of Several Variables | 5 |
Plus one of the following courses:
| ANTH 2 | Introduction to Cultural Anthropology | 5 |
| BME 80G
/PHIL 80G
| Bioethics in the 21st Century: Science, Business, and Society | 5 |
| PHIL 22 | Introduction to Ethical Theory | 5 |
| PHIL 24 | Introduction to Ethics: Contemporary Moral Issues | 5 |
| PHIL 28 | Environmental Ethics | 5 |
| SOCY 1 | Introduction to Sociology | 5 |
| SOCY 10 | Issues and Problems in American Society | 5 |
| SOCY 15 | World Society | 5 |
Upper-Division Courses
One of the following courses:
| ECON 100A | Intermediate Microeconomics | 5 |
| ECON 100M | Intermediate Microeconomics, Math Intensive | 5 |
Plus all of the following courses:
Electives
Six upper-division elective courses as follows:
- Three courses from the Economics Electives list below
- Three courses from ENVS 101-179. At least one course must be from the list of environmental studies electives in the natural sciences list below.
Lecture/lab combinations count as one course. Associated labs are required only when required by the lecture.
Economics Electives
Environmental studies electives in the natural sciences
Lecture/lab combinations count as one course. Associated labs are required only when required by the lecture.
| BIOE 125 | Ecosystems of California | 5 |
| ENVS 104A | Introduction to Environmental Field Methods | 2 |
| ENVS 104L | Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| ENVS 106A | Natural History of Birds | 5 |
| ENVS 107A | Natural History Field Quarter | 5 |
| ENVS 107B | Natural History Field Quarter | 5 |
| ENVS 107C | Natural History Field Quarter | 5 |
| ENVS 108 | General Entomology | 5 |
| ENVS 108L | General Entomology Laboratory | 3 |
| BIOE 151A
/ENVS 109A
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods | 5 |
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151C | Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Functions and Processes of Terrestrial Ecosystems | 5 |
| BIOE 151D
/ENVS 109D
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Conservation in Practice | 4 |
| ENVS 120 | Conservation Biology | 5 |
| ENVS 122 | Tropical Ecology and Conservation | 5 |
| ENVS 123 | Animal Ecology and Conservation | 5 |
| ENVS 130A | Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture | 5 |
| ENVS 130L | Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture Laboratory | 2 |
| ENVS 130C | Field Experiences in Agroecology and Sustainable Food | 5 |
| ENVS 131 | Insect Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 133 | Agroecology Practicum | 5 |
| ENVS 135 | Sustainable Aquaculture | 5 |
| ENVS 160 | Restoration Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 161A | Soils as Living Systems | 5 |
| ENVS 162 | Plant Physiological Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 162L | Plant Physiological Ecology Laboratory | 2 |
| ENVS 163 | Plant Disease Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 164 | Projects and Practices in Soil Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 163L | Plant Disease Ecology Lab | 2 |
| ENVS 166 | Agroecosystem Analysis and Watershed Management | 5 |
| ENVS 167 | Freshwater and Wetland Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 167L | Freshwater and Wetland Ecology Lab | 2 |
| ENVS 168 | Biogeochemistry and the Global Environment | 5 |
| ENVS 169 | Climate Change Ecology | 5 |
| ENVS 170 | Agriculture and Climate Change | 5 |
None of the three environmental studies upper-division courses can be an environmental studies internship, individual study or substitution course.
Disciplinary Communication (DC) Requirement
Students of every major must satisfy that major's upper-division Disciplinary Communication (DC) requirement. The DC requirement for the environmental studies/economics combined major is satisfied by completing:
The following courses:
Plus one of the following:
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| ENVS 183B | Senior Internship | 5 |
| ENVS 190 | Capstone Course: Environmental Problem Solving | 5 |
| ENVS 195B | Senior Thesis Group | 5 |
| ENVS 196 | Senior Seminar | 5 |
Comprehensive Requirement
Students in ENVS/ECON satisfy the senior comprehensive requirement by completing both of the following:
- One of the senior exit options for environmental studies B.A. (see options below). All courses used to satisfy the senior comprehensive requirement must be taken for a letter grade.
- Pass those portions of the economics comprehensive examination administered in ECON 100A and ECON 113.
Before enrolling in the senior thesis or senior internship option, students must formally apply to work with a particular faculty mentor very early in their thesis or project preparation. The senior thesis and senior internship option require careful planning, additional independent research, and at least a two-quarter commitment.
| | Either this course | |
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| ENVS 183A | Senior Internship | 5 |
| ENVS 183B | Senior Internship | 5 |
| | or this course | |
| ENVS 190 | Capstone Course: Environmental Problem Solving | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| ENVS 195A | Senior Research | 5 |
| ENVS 195B | Senior Thesis Group | 5 |
| | or this course | |
| ENVS 196 | Senior Seminar | 5 |
Planners
The tables below are for informational purposes and do not reflect all university, general education, and credit requirements. See Undergraduate Graduation Requirements for more information.
The following are two sample academic plans for students pursuing the environmental studies/economics combined B.A. major. Plan One is for incoming frosh and Plan Two is for incoming transfer students.
Plan One for Incoming Frosh
*This course is also offered in the spring term.
** WRIT 2 should be taken in or before spring quarter of the second year.
This planner assumes that a student has placed into MATH 3 or AM 3.
Students completing this major will have satisfied the SI, IN, PE, MF, and PR-E general education requirements. In addition, they will need to fulfill all remaining university, college, and general education requirements.
Students interested in taking the senior thesis or senior internship as their comprehensive requirement must take ENVS 195A (thesis) or ENVS 183A (internship) in the quarter before completing ENVS 195B (thesis) or ENVS 183B (internship). Both the senior thesis and senior internship are two consecutive quarter commitments.
Plan Two for Incoming Transfer Students
This planner assumes that a student has completed all required lower-division courses—including UCSC or community college general education requirements.
A transfer student who has completed the requirements for the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) before matriculating at UC Santa Cruz, with at most two course requirements left to complete, is allowed to satisfy IGETC in lieu of the UCSC general education requirements.
Students interested in taking the senior thesis or senior internship as their comprehensive requirement must take ENVS 195A (thesis) or ENVS 183A (internship) in the quarter before completing ENVS 195B (thesis) or ENVS 183B (internship). Both the senior thesis and senior internship are two consecutive quarter commitments.