Information and Policies
Introduction
The ecology and evolution major focuses on general topics that are not specific to taxonomic group or habitat. As such it provides students with interdisciplinary skills necessary for understanding and solving complex problems in ecology, evolution, behavior, and physiology. All of these disciplines address questions on larger spatial and temporal scales that can be applied to important environmental problems, including genetic and ecological aspects of conservation biology and biodiversity.
Students majoring in ecology and evolution will receive a B.S. degree based on an integrated series of courses providing breadth in fundamental areas of biology and allied sciences that enhance understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes. The capstone of this curriculum is a suite of field courses providing students unique opportunities to learn and conduct research in a host of ecological systems. Students are encouraged to take field courses in their areas of specialization. Other opportunities include participation in research projects with faculty sponsors and the intensive Education Abroad Programs (UCEAP) in Costa Rica (tropical biology) and Australia (marine sciences).
Academic Advising for the Program
Academic advising is available at the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) undergraduate advising office located in the Coastal Biology Building on the UC Santa Cruz Coastal Science Campus, and via email at eebadvising@ucsc.edu. The undergraduate webpages contain advice and information pertinent to students’ most frequently voiced questions. Each student should review the information posted on the website; for further assistance, contact an EEB undergraduate advisor at eebadvising@ucsc.edu. Transfer students should also review the Transfer Information and Policy Section.
Getting Started in the Major
Prerequisites
The introductory biology sequence is prerequisite to virtually all upper-division biology courses. BIOL 20A (offered by the Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology Department) has a prerequisite of CHEM 1A. Therefore, it is essential for students to start chemistry as soon as possible. Students who have not taken CHEM 1A may begin the introductory sequence with BIOE 20C. The entire introductory biology sequence should be taken the first and second year, concurrently with or following the general chemistry sequence. We also strongly recommend completing the lower-division physics requirements early in your academic career.
An online mathematics placement is required to enroll in a mathematics course. Students are expected to take this examination and are encouraged to work in the learning modules until they place into calculus. For more information see the mathematics placement website.
Advanced placement (AP) course equivalencies can be used to fulfill prerequisites.
Program Learning Outcomes
The undergraduate curriculum offered by EEB is designed to ensure that all students declared in any EEB-sponsored major will achieve the following seven program learning outcomes:
- Students will demonstrate broad-based knowledge of the fundamentals of ecology, behavior, evolution and physiology and the relationships among these disciplines.
- Students will demonstrate skills in the observation and experimental study of organisms, using both field-based and laboratory-based approaches.
- Students will demonstrate skills in identifying, accessing, comprehending and synthesizing scientific information, including interpretation of the primary scientific literature. This includes understanding key questions and hypotheses, interpreting results and conclusions, and evaluating quality through critique.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to conceive and execute independent scientific research, including developing their own questions and hypotheses, designing an appropriate theoretical or empirical/experimental approach, executing that approach, and analyzing and interpreting data.
- Students will demonstrate an ability to understand and apply fundamental quantitative skills, including models and statistical analyses, so as to properly interpret published research and apply such skills in their own research.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to communicate scientific work, such as a scientific paper, proposal, essay, or notebook, in written, oral or poster format.
- Students will exhibit strong teamwork and problem solving skills. They will demonstrate the ability to make arguments from evidence and work together to find optimal solutions.
Major Qualification Policy and Declaration Process
Major Qualification
All courses must be taken for a letter grade. The following qualification courses, or their equivalents, must be completed with a grade of C (2.0) or better:
All of the following courses:
And one of the following courses:
| MATH 11A | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 19A | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
Students with one grade of NP, C-, D+, D, D-, or F in one of the qualification courses are eligible to declare after successfully repeating the same or an equivalent course with a grade of C (2.0) or better.
Students with two or more grades of NP, C-, D+, D, D-, or F in the qualification courses are not eligible to declare. Mathematics courses will not be included in this calculation.
Students with AP credit for any of the qualification course(s) are eligible to declare after successfully completing the remaining qualification courses.
Consult with an EEB undergraduate advisor when requesting to declare the major after the campus declaration deadline. Transfer students should also review the Transfer Information and Policy Section.
For information on qualifying for the environmental studies/biology combined major, please see Environmental Studies in this catalog.
Appeal Process
Students who are not eligible to declare the major may appeal this decision after they have successfully completed the qualification courses by submitting an appeal letter to EEB undergraduate advising. Within 15 business days of receipt of the appeal, the department will notify the student and college of the decision. For more information about the appeal process, see the appeal process website.
How to Declare a Major
Students may submit a petition to declare after successful completion of the qualification policy courses. Students submit their major declaration petition on the EEB website. Students proposed in the major should submit a major declaration petition in the quarter of their major declaration deadline (i.e., sixth quarter for students admitted as frosh). The department will declare the student's major, deny the student admission to the major, or set conditions for admission (provided the conditions may be met within no more than one quarter of enrollment) based on the student's qualification to declare at the time the major declaration petition is received. Information on major declaration can be found here. Additional questions may be directed to eebadvising@ucsc.edu.
Transfer Information and Policy
Transfer Admission Screening Policy
The following courses or their equivalents are required prior to transfer, by the end of the spring term for students planning to enter in the fall.
Plus, one of the following calculus courses:
| MATH 11A | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 19A | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
A minimum GPA of 2.0 must be obtained in the courses listed above.
In addition, the following courses are recommended prior to transfer to ensure timely graduation.
Plus one of the following calculus courses:
| MATH 11B | Calculus with Applications | 5 |
| MATH 19B | Calculus for Science, Engineering, and Mathematics | 5 |
Plus one of the following physics courses:
Click the link for more information on qualifying for the major as a transfer applicant . Click the link for additional transfer preparation information.
Getting Started at UCSC as a Transfer Student
Transfer students who satisfy the major screening requirements may declare the major at any time after matriculation only after their official transcripts have been posted to their MyUCSC student portal by the UCSC Office of Admissions.
Beginning in late June and early July (for fall transfer students) EEB advising will review admitted students' reported transfer course work and determine how it applies to their major's requirements.
EEB advising will contact admitted students via email. The email will include information on how students' transfer coursework fulfills major requirements. We will suggest courses for students' fall enrollment and invite you to make an appointment to talk with EEB Undergraduate Advising or direct questions to eebadvising@ucsc.edu. Transfer students may also expect to receive regular email messages from EEB advising in June, July, and August with additional information about the major.
Letter Grade Policy
All courses used to satisfy any major requirement must be taken for a letter grade.
Course Substitution Policy
To discuss the process for a course substitution, contact an EEB undergraduate advisor.
At least half of the upper-division courses (numbered BIOE 100–BIOE 179) required for each major must be taken in EEB at UC Santa Cruz not as transfer credits from another department or institution.
Transfer students are advised to contact an EEB undergraduate advisor before enrolling in numerous upper-division courses at other institutions. For more information on transferring courses to UC Santa Cruz, please consult the Transfer Coursework website. Additional information for transfer students is provided above in the “Transfer Students” section.
Only one upper-division course requirement may be met with a research-based independent study or graduate-level UC Santa Cruz biology course.
Double Majors and Major/Minor Combinations Policy
Students interested in pursuing multiple majors within the biological sciences may not declare any combination of Biology (B.A., B.S., or minor), Ecology and Evolution B.S., Marine Biology B.S., Plant Sciences B.S., or Environmental Studies/Biology B.A. combined major.
Study Abroad
The UC Education Abroad Program (UCEAP) offers qualified students unique opportunities to broaden their educational horizons. The EEB Department encourages interested students to participate. It is possible to satisfy major requirements abroad and graduate on time; consult with an EEB undergraduate advisor early in the planning process.
Many programs are in English-speaking countries or use English for advanced courses. Many programs offer small classes, extensive laboratories, and/or field research experience.
There are excellent programs in Costa Rica, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Germany, among others. The Costa Rica Tropical Biology Program is of note to students interested in tropical biology and ecology. Held spring and fall quarters at the Monteverde research station, this program gives students experience with hands-on field research and offers a homestay program. The University of Queensland (Australia) offers an intensive, full-semester marine science program, which includes stays at research stations on the Great Barrier Reef and in sheltered mangrove and seagrass habitats near Brisbane.
Students interested in study abroad need to get an early start on their introductory requirements, including chemistry, mathematics, and biology and must declare their major prior to going abroad. Visit the UCEAP office as soon as possible to begin planning and seek advice and approval for your UCEAP plan from an EEB undergraduate advisor prior to participation in UCEAP.
Honors
Honors in the biological sciences majors are awarded to graduating students whose academic performance demonstrates excellence at a grade point average (GPA) of 3.5 or above. Highest honors are awarded to those students whose performance demonstrates the highest level of excellence and results in a GPA of 3.8 or above.
Requirements and Planners
Course Requirements
Lower-Division Courses
Introductory Biology:
General Chemistry:
Calculus:
Choose one of the following options:
Biostatistics:
| STAT 7 | Statistical Methods for the Biological, Environmental, and Health Sciences | 5 |
| STAT 7L | Statistical Methods for the Biological, Environmental, and Health Sciences Laboratory | 2 |
Physics:
Choose one of the following options:
PHYS 7A, PHYS 6L, PHYS 7B: recommended
Upper-Division Courses
A total of 11 upper-division courses, including relevant electives; two must include laboratory or fieldwork; two must apply to the Disciplinary Communication requirement. Courses appearing in more than one category can fulfill only one requirement.
Three upper-division core courses:
One of the following physiology courses:
NOTE: Lecture/lab combinations count as one course.
BIOE 131/BIOE 131L: lab optional
One of the following organism courses:
NOTE: Lecture/lab combinations count as one course.
BIOE 129/BIOE 129L: lab required
METX 119/METX 119L or METX 100/METX 119L: both lecture and laboratory required
Electives
Three topical electives chosen from the following:
NOTE: Lecture and 2-credit lab combinations count as one course.
| BIOE 108 | Marine Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 112 | Ornithology | 5 |
| BIOE 112L | Ornithology Field Studies | 2 |
| BIOE 114 | Herpetology | 5 |
| BIOE 114L | Field Methods in Herpetological Research | 2 |
| BIOE 117 | Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants | 5 |
| BIOE 117L | Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 118 | Plants and Society: the Biology of Food, Shelter, and Medicine | 5 |
| BIOE 120 | Marine Botany | 5 |
| BIOE 120L | Marine Botany Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 122 | Invertebrate Zoology | 5 |
| BIOE 122L | Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 124 | Mammalogy | 5 |
| BIOE 124L | Mammalogy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 125
/ENVS 125
| Ecosystems of California | 5 |
| BIOE 126 | Biology of Large Marine Vertebrates | 5 |
| BIOE 127 | Ichthyology | 5 |
| BIOE 127L | Ichthyology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 128L | Large Marine Vertebrates Field Course | 5 |
| BIOE 129 | Biology of Marine Mammals | 5 |
| BIOE 129L | Biology of Marine Mammals Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 131 | Animal Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 131L | Animal Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 133 | Exercise Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 133L | Exercise Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 134 | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy | 5 |
| BIOE 134L | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 135 | Plant Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 135L | Plant Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 136 | Environmental Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 137 | Molecular Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 137L | Molecular Ecology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 138 | Modeling Evolution and Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 139 | Mathematical Modeling and Data Science in Ecology and Evolution | 5 |
| BIOE 140 | Behavioral Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 141L | Behavioral Ecology Field Course | 5 |
| BIOE 142L | Animal Behavior in the Wild (A Virtual Field Course) | 5 |
| BIOE 145 | Plant Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 145L | Field Methods in Plant Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 147 | Community Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 149 | Disease Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 150 | Ecological Field Methods | 5 |
| BIOE 150L | Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151A
/ENVS 109A
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods | 5 |
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151C
/ENVS 109C
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Functions and Processes of Terrestrial Ecosystems | 5 |
| BIOE 151D
/ENVS 109D
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Conservation in Practice | 4 |
| BIOE 153A | Introduction to Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153B | Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153C | Disciplinary Communication for Biologists | 5 |
| BIOE 155 | Freshwater Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 155L | Freshwater Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 158L | Field Methods in Marine Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159A | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Marine Ecology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159B | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Ichthyology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159C | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159D | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159F | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Global Change Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 161 | Kelp Forest Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 161L | Kelp Forest Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 163 | Ecology of Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses | 5 |
| BIOE 163L | Ecology of Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 165 | Marine Conservation Biology | 5 |
| BIOE 172 | Population Genetics | 5 |
| BIOL 100 | Biochemistry | 5 |
| BIOL 101 | Molecular Biology | 5 |
| BIOL 110 | Cell Biology | 5 |
| BIOL 115 | Eukaryotic Molecular Biology | 5 |
| BIOL 120 | Developmental Biology | 5 |
| METX 119 | Microbiology | 5 |
| OCEA 118 | Marine Microbial Ecology | 5 |
| METX 119L | Microbiology Laboratory | 5 |
BIOE 129/BIOE 129L, BIOE 131/BIOE 131L: lab optional
Three general electives chosen from the following:
NOTE: Lecture and 2-credit lab combinations count as one course.
Biological Sciences-EEB
Any upper-division BIOE course numbered BIOE 100-BIOE 179 of 5 or more credits
Biological Sciences-MCDB
Earth Sciences
Economics
| ECON 166A
/CSE 166A
| Game Theory and Applications I | 5 |
| ECON 166B
/CSE 166B
| Game Theory and Applications II | 5 |
Environmental Studies (enrollment by permission of instructor)
Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology
Ocean Sciences
Psychology
Some of these electives may have prerequisites that do not satisfy major or minor requirements.
One of the following may also be used as an upper-division general elective:
Biological Sciences-EEB
Any 5 credits of undergraduate research from:
or
Environmental Studies
| ENVS 183 | Environmental Studies Internship | 5 |
Disciplinary Communication (DC) Requirement
Students of every major must satisfy that major's upper-division disciplinary communication (DC) requirement. The DC requirement in ecology and evolution is satisfied by completing two of the following ecology and evolutionary biology courses:
NOTE: Lecture and 2-credit lab combinations count as a single course.
For 2-credit laboratory courses listed above that are taken concurrently with 5-credit lectures, both courses must be passed to receive one half of the DC requirement. BIOE 117 and BIOE 137 require concurrent enrollment in 2-credit labs, BIOE 117L and BIOE 137L, but these are not part of the DC requirement.
Comprehensive Requirement
All majors in the biological sciences require completion of a comprehensive requirement. This requirement can be satisfied in one of the following ways:
- receiving a passing grade in an independent research course, or field/laboratory course listed below;
- completing a senior thesis;
- achieving a graduate record examination (GRE) score at or above the 50th percentile on the biology subject test or the biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology subject test. Reports of GRE scores must be submitted to the EEB undergraduate advising office before the last day of the graduating quarter;
- obtaining a medical college admission test (MCAT) score at or above the 50th percentile on the biological sciences section. Reports of MCAT scores must be submitted to the EEB undergraduate advising office before the last day of the graduating quarter.
Comprehensive courses offered by Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
NOTE: Lab courses may have associated prerequisite or corequisite lecture courses.
| BIOE 112L | Ornithology Field Studies | 2 |
| BIOE 114L | Field Methods in Herpetological Research | 2 |
| BIOE 117L | Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 120L | Marine Botany Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 122L | Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 124L | Mammalogy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 127L | Ichthyology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 128L | Large Marine Vertebrates Field Course | 5 |
| BIOE 129L | Biology of Marine Mammals Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 131L | Animal Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 133L | Exercise Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 134L | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 135L | Plant Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 137L | Molecular Ecology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 141L | Behavioral Ecology Field Course | 5 |
| BIOE 145L | Field Methods in Plant Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 150L | Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151A
/ENVS 109A
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods | 5 |
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151C
/ENVS 109C
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Functions and Processes of Terrestrial Ecosystems | 5 |
| BIOE 151D
/ENVS 109D
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Conservation in Practice | 4 |
| BIOE 153A | Introduction to Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153B | Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153C | Disciplinary Communication for Biologists | 5 |
| BIOE 155L | Freshwater Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 158L | Field Methods in Marine Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159A | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Marine Ecology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159B | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Ichthyology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159C | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159D | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 161L | Kelp Forest Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 163L | Ecology of Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 183W | Undergraduate Research in EEB--Writing | 2 |
Comprehensive courses offered by Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology
Comprehensive courses offered in other departments
Planners
In addition to the specific courses shown in these planners, a student must complete courses satisfying the IM, TA, PE, PR, CC, ER and C campus general education requirements.
Sample Frosh Planner
| 1st (frosh) |
BIOE 20C |
MATH 11A or MATH 19A |
MATH 11B or MATH 19B |
| |
CHEM 1A |
CHEM 1B |
| |
|
|
| 2nd (soph) |
BIOL 20A |
BIOE 20B |
STAT 7 & STAT 7L |
| CHEM 1C & CHEM 1N |
PHYS 6A & PHYS 6L |
PHYS 6B or PHYS 6C |
| |
|
|
| 3rd (junior) |
BIOL 105 |
Physiology core |
BIOE 109 |
| BIOE 107 |
*ECEV topical elective |
Organismal core |
| |
|
|
| 4th (senior) |
*ECEV topical elective |
*ECEV topical elective |
EEB general elective |
| |
EEB general elective |
EEB general elective |
| |
|
|
*ECEV = Ecology and Evolution B.S.
Electives must be chosen to satisfy the Disciplinary Communication and Comprehensive requirements.
Additional Frosh sample planners may be found on the EEB website.
Sample Transfer Planner
For students who transferred in after completing the transfer screening courses and:
- MATH 11B
- CHEM 1C & CHEM 1N
- PHYS 6A & PHYS 6L, and PHYS 6B or PHYS 6C
| |
Fall |
Winter |
Spring |
| 3rd (junior) |
BIOL 105 |
BIOE 107 |
BIOE 109 |
| *ECEV topical elective |
*ECEV topical elective |
EEB general elective |
| STAT 7 & STAT 7L |
|
|
| 4th (senior) |
Organismal core |
*ECEV topical elective |
Physiology core |
| EEB general elective |
EEB general elective |
|
| |
|
|
*ECEV = Ecology and Evolution B.S.
Electives must be chosen to satisfy the Disciplinary Communication and Comprehensive requirements.
Additional Transfer student sample planners may be found on the EEB website.