HSCS 5302 Pathology and Pharmacology

This course includes the knowledge and clinical skills used to recognize, assess, and care for general medical conditions affecting the physically active. Basic pharmacological concepts, drug classifications, and medication administration in health science practice are also introduced.

Credits

4

Prerequisite

ATRG or HLHP Program Admission

Typically Offered

Demorest Campus: spring

Student Learning Outcomes

Alignment	Current Objective
CIP-8	Demonstrate the ability to recognize and refer at-risk individuals and individuals with psychosocial disorders and/or mental health emergencies. As a member of the management team, develop an appropriate management plan (including recommendations for patient safety and activity status) that establishes a professional helping relationship with the patient, ensures interactive support and education, and encourages the athletic trainer's role of informed patient advocate in a manner consistent with current practice guidelines.
CIP-3	Develop, implement, and monitor prevention strategies for at-risk individuals (e.g., persons with asthma or diabetes, persons with a previous history of heat illness, persons with sickle cell trait) and large groups to allow safe physical activity in a variety of conditions. This includes obtaining and interpreting data related to potentially hazardous environmental conditions, monitoring body functions (e.g., blood glucose, peak expiratory flow, hydration status), and making the appropriate recommendations for individual safety and activity status.
new	Evaluate and manage patients with acute conditions, including triaging conditions that are life threatening or otherwise emergent. These include (but are not limited to) the following conditions: Testicular injury
CIP-5	Perform a comprehensive clinical examination of a patient with a common illness/condition that includes appropriate clinical reasoning in the selection of assessment procedures and interpretation of history and physical examination findings in order to formulate a differential diagnosis and/or diagnosis. Based on the history, physical examination, and patient goals, implement the appropriate treatment strategy to include medications (with physician involvement as necessary). Determine whether patient referral is needed, and identify potential restrictions in activities and participation. Formulate and communicate the appropriate return to activity protocol.
CIP-4	Perform a comprehensive clinical examination of a patient with an upper extremity, lower extremity, head, neck, thorax, and/or spine injury or condition. This exam should incorporate clinical reasoning in the selection of assessment procedures and interpretation of findings in order to formulate a differential diagnosis and/or diagnosis, determine underlying impairments, and identify activity limitations and participation restrictions. Based on the assessment data and consideration of the patient's goals, provide the appropriate initial care and establish overall treatment goals. Create and implement a therapeutic intervention that targets these treatment goals to include, as appropriate, therapeutic modalities, medications (with physician involvement as necessary), and rehabilitative techniques and procedures. Integrate and interpret various forms of standardized documentation including both patient-oriented and clinician-oriented outcomes measures to recommend activity level, make return to play decisions, and maximize patient outcomes and progress in the treatment plan.
Scientific foundations 2.D.	Students will apply basic knowledge of the effects, risks, and alternatives of common performance enhancing substances and methods.
CE-7	Students will assess and interpret findings from a physical examination (including posture, gait, and movement patterns) that is based on the patient’s clinical presentation to identify participation restrictions (disabilities), activity limitations (functional limitations), and overall impact of the condition on the patient’s life and goals.
CE-21b CE-21i CE-21l CE-21j CE-21k CE-21m CE-21n CE-21o CE-21p	Students will collect, assess, and interpret findings from a physical examination that includes: Observation/inspection, palpation, muscle function assessment, osteokinematic joint motion, cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, gastrointestinal function, genitourinary function, ocular function, EENT function, and dermatological function.
3.1.1	Students will create an environment conducive to learning and develop/secure logistical resources to implement the planned programming/intervention, and will do so in an ethical and legal manner.
CE-15	Students will demonstrate the ability to modify the diagnostic examination process and return-to-play decision according to the demands of the situation and patient responses and current status.
CE-1 CE-2	Students will describe body systems' structures, their functional inter-relation, and how they change through the lifespan.
TI-29 TI-30 TI-31	Students will describe how common pharmacological agents influence pain and healing, explain their therapeutic use, general categories used for treatment, desired treatment outcomes, and typical duration of treatment, and optimize patient outcomes by communicating the importance of compliance, drug interactions, adverse reactions, and possible results of sub-optimal therapy for common diseases and conditions (asthma, diabetes, hypertension, infections, depression, GERD, allergies, pain, inflammation, and the common cold).
CE-6	Students will describe the basic principles of diagnostic imaging and testing and their role in the diagnostic process.
PS-1 PS-2 PS-3	Students will describe the basic principles of personality traits, trait anxiety, locus of control, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, stress response, confidence, and patient and social environment interactions as they affect patient interactions, clinical decision making, and eventual return to activity/participation for injuries or forced inactivity.
PS-17	Students will describe the psychological and emotional responses to a catastrophic event, the potential need for a psychological intervention and a referral plan to various mental healthcare providers for all parties affected by the event.
PS-14 PHP-46 PHP-47	Students will describe the psychological and sociocultural factors, signs, symptoms, and physiological and psychological responses of patients displaying disordered eating and devise appropriate management and referral strategies that are consistent with current practice guidelines.
HA-30	Students will describe the role and functions of various healthcare providers and protocols that govern the referral of patients to these professionals.
PS-11 PS-12 PS-13 PS-15 PS-16	Students will describe the roles of different mental healthcare providers, identify patients demonstrating psychosocial disturbances, and formulate a referral plan for a patient with mental health or substance abuse problems.
AC-31 AC-32 AC-33	Students will determine when a metered-dose inhaler is warranted based on a patient's condition and instruct/assist a patient in its use or that of a nebulizer in the presence of asthma-related bronchospasm.
PD-10	Students will develop educational healthcare programming specific to a target audience that uses appropriate multimedia tools to create a professional product.
TI-24 TI-25 TI-26	Students will explain pharmacodynamic principles (receptor theory, dose-response relationship, placebo effect, potency, drug interactions, bioavailability, half-life, bioequivalence, generic vs brand name) as they relate to drug action, therapeutic effectiveness, patient choice, and dosing schedule.
PHP-17e PHP-17f PHP-17g	Students will explain and discuss the etiology and prevention guidelines associated with the leading causes of sudden death during physical activity, including but not limited to: Cardiac arrhythmia or arrest, Asthma, Traumatic brain injury, exertional heat stroke, hyponatremia, exertional sickling, anaphylactic shock, cervical spine injury, and lightning strike.
TI-21	Students will explain federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and procedures for the proper storage, disposal, transportation, dispensing (administering where appropriate), and documentation associated with commonly used prescription and nonprescription medications.
CE-11 CE-12	Students will explain the creation of clinical prediction rules and apply them in the diagnosis and prognosis of various clinical conditions.
PHP-10 PHP-11	Students will explain the principles of the body’s thermoregulatory mechanisms as they relate to heat gain and heat loss, acclimation and conditioning, fluid and electrolyte replacement requirements, proper practice and competition attire, hydration, and environmental assessment.
TI-22	Students will identify and use appropriate pharmaceutical terminology for management of medications, inventory control, and reporting of pharmacological agents commonly used in an athletic training facility.
7.2.0	Students will identify current and emerging issues requiring advocacy, engage stakeholders in advocacy initiatives, comply with organizational policies related to participating in advocacy, and lead initiatives when appropriate.
2.1.2	Students will identify priority populations, partners, and other stakeholders, and use strategies to bring them together to collaborate and obtain participation commitment as part of the planning process.
7.1.3	Students will identify the level of literacy of the intended message audience, tailor the messaging to them, pilot test where feasible, revise messaging based on feedback, and evaluate the message impact.
AC-36e AC-36f AC-36h AC-36j AC-36n AC-36o	Students will identify the signs, symptoms, interventions, and when appropriate, the return-to-participation criteria for: sudden cardiac arrest, environmental illnesses, exertional sickling, rhabdomyolysis, internal bleeding, diabetic emergencies, asthma, anaphylaxis, local allergic reactions, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, shock, and toxic drug overdoses.
PHP-48 PHP-49	Students will identify which therapeutic drugs, supplements, and performance-enhancing substances are banned by sport and/or workplace organizations, explain the usage patterns and effects, and advise patients about possible disqualification and other consequences.
AC-5 CE-13	Students will obtain a thorough medical history that includes the pertinent past medical history, underlying systemic disease, use of medications, the patient’s perceived pain, and the history and course of the present condition appropriate for the patient's ability to respond.
PHP-13	Students will obtain and interpret environmental data (web bulb globe temperature [WBGT], sling psychrometer, lightning detection devices) to make clinical decisions regarding the scheduling, type, and duration of physical activity.
TI-28	Students will practice assisting and/or instructing a patient in the proper use, cleaning, and storage of drugs commonly delivered by metered dose inhalers, nebulizers, insulin pumps, or other parenteral routes as prescribed by the physician.
PHP-18	Students will recognize potentially dangerous conditions related to the environment, field, or playing surface and devise appropriate communication strategies to approach coaches, athletes, parents, administrators, and other relevant personnel to rectify the situation.
AC-36c	Students will recognize the signs and symptoms of catastrophic and emergent cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine trauma and demonstrate appropriate referral and physician return-to-play decisions.
AC-35	Students will recognize when auto-injectable epinephrine is necessary based on the patient's condition and demonstrate its use (epi-pen).
PS-7 PS-8 PS-9	Students will select and integrate appropriate psychosocial techniques into a patient's treatment, pain management, or rehabilitation program to enhance adherence, return to play, and overall outcomes. This includes, but is not limited to: motivation, goal setting, imagery, anxiety reduction, positive self-talk, and/or relaxation.
PS-4	Students will summarize and demonstrate effective interpersonal and cross-cultural communication and educational intervention strategies for patients and others involved in their healthcare to effect positive behavioral change and impact the patient's psychological and emotional well-being while protecting their privacy.
PHP-12	Students will summarize current practice guidelines related to physical activity during extreme weather conditions (e.g., heat, cold, lightning, wind).
PHP-24	Students will summarize the general principles of health maintenance and personal hygiene (skin care, dental hygiene, sanitation, immunizations, avoidance of infectious and contagious diseases, diet, rest, exercise, and weight control) and apply them to their daily class/clinical attendance.
TI-23 TI-27	Students will use an electronic drug resource to locate and identify indications, contraindications, precautions, and adverse reactions for common prescription and nonprescription medications and describe advantages and disadvantages of their common administration routes.
CE-17 CE-18	Students will use clinical reasoning skills to formulate an appropriate differential diagnosis for common illness/disease and orthopedic injuries/conditions.
CE-3	Students will use evidence to determine the necessary precautions and risk factors associated with physical activity in persons with common congenital and acquired abnormalities, disabilities, and diseases that influence participation across the lifespan.
PHP-15 PHP-16 CE-20j	Students will use otoscopes, urinalysis strips, glucometers, peak flow meters, and ophthalmoscopes as part of a clinical examination and determine if observed results are within normal limits or require referral.
CE-20a CE-20c CE-21h CE-22 PD-9	Students will use standard techniques and procedures (history taking, inspection/observation, palpation, functional assessment, special tests, neurological assessments, capsular and ligamentous stress testing, and joint play assessment) to complete a clinical examination for a common injury, condition, illness, or disease and interpret their findings to determine when referral is necessary.
CE-20f	Students will use standard techniques to assess neurological function and differentiate between normal and abnormal findings to discern any associated pathophysiology.
AC-6 AC-7 CE-20h CE-20g CE-20i	Students will use standard techniques to measure vital signs and other physiologic functions (pulse, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen saturation, pain, core temperature, heart/lung/abdominal sounds, peak flow) and differentiate between normal and abnormal findings to discern any associated pathophysiology.